英语期刊参考文献的正确使用是在形式规范化的前提下建立的。这与论文其他部分内容的完成要求相同。只有熟悉形式要求的人才能规范写作,发挥适当的作用和效果。在撰写英文期刊参考文献之前,必须应对理解各分类的要求和使用情况,在很多人的反理解下进行这一部分,大大提高了出错的概率,给论文的最终高质量完成带来了不确定性。因此,为了更有效地完成论文写作,使其不受质量影响,必须明确英语期刊参考文献的格式要求,并通过实例洞察其中的写作要领。这也是写好和引用英语期刊参考文献的基本前提。英语期刊参考文献到底怎么写,其完成过程是怎么样的,下面笔者具体说明,分享新整理的英语期刊参考文献形式的例子。

一、英语期刊参考文献格式笔记

参考文献(引文5261来源)的类型用4102个字符表示,例如1653下3360

m 3354专题C——论文集N——报纸文章

J——期刊文章D——学位论文R——报告

如果不属于上述文献类型,则以字母“z”表示。

对于英语参考文献,还应注意以下两点:

作者的名字采用“姓在前名后”的原则。具体形式为:姓,名字的首字母。

例如,MalcolmRichardCowley由:Cowley、M.R、

如果有两个作者,第一个作者方式不变,第二个作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓氏放在后面。

例如, FrankNorris和IrvingGordon应为:Norris、F.I.Gordon。

书名、报纸名称使用斜体。例如: Masteringenglishliterature、英语周刊。

二、英语期刊参考文献四种格式要求

一般来说,英语参考文献的格式主要有四种:APA格式、MLA格式、CMS格式和哈佛文献格式(Harvard System)。无论是参考、标注、期刊还是学术,都可以在这四大格式中找到相应的格式要求。以下是这四种格式的简要说明和示例。

1、APA格式

美国心理协会(APA)主要是表示社会科学领域和其他学术规范使用的参考来源的格式,也是国内很多期刊也使用的APA格式。

APA正文参考的参考文献格式为“(作者姓,发表年份)”。

APA文档末尾的参考列表格式为Reference List,必须按“姓氏”(Family name)的字母顺序排序。基本结构如下:

期刊:

[作者] [发表年份] [文章名称] [期刊名称] [卷号/期数:开始和结束页码]

史密斯,J. (2006年)。the title of the ar title of journal,1,101-105。

非经常出版物:

[作者] [出版年份] [书名] [出版杂志:出版社]

苏。2002年)。what computers can't do。纽约3360 harp row。

2、MLA格式

MLA是美国现代语言协会(Modern Language Association)开发的论文指导形式,多用于人文学科(Liberal Arts)

MLA正文笔记的基本格式:“(作者姓,文献页码)”。

MLA文档末尾的参考文档目录格式:在MLA格式中称为Works Cited,按“姓氏”的字母顺序排序。基本结构如下:

期刊:

[作者] [“句子名称”] [期刊名称] [卷号或期数] [发行年份]开始和结束页码]

Nwezeh,c . e . " the comparative approach to modern African literature。"general and comparative literature 28年度手册

非经常出版物:

[作者] [书名] [出版地:出版社] [发表年]

Winfield,richarddien . law in civil socie of Wisconsin p,1995。

3、CMS格式

CMS格式(芝加哥论文格式)源于芝加哥大学出版社1906年出版的Manual Style,主要用于人文学科(humanities),使用脚注、美洲和参考文献目录来表示文献来源。

CMS正文参考的参考文献格式为“(作者姓,发表年份)”。CMS脚注和“尾注”(Foot note or end note)的格式如下:

期刊:

[作者] [“句子名称”] [期刊名称] [卷号或期数] [发行年份] [开始和结束页码]

Mac Donald,Susan peck。“the erasure of langu

age.”College Composition and Communication 58,no.4(2007):585-625.

  ②非期刊类:

  【作者】【书籍名】【出版地:出版社】【出版年份】

  First name Last name,Title of Book(Place of publication:Publisher,Year of publication),page number.

  CMS文末参考文献称为bibliography或者References,其格式为:

  ①期刊类:

  【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷号或期数】【发表年份】【起止页码】

  Mac Donald,Susan Peck.“The Erasure of Language.”College Composition and Communication 58,no.4(2007):585-625.

  ②非期刊类:

  【作者】【书籍名】【出版地:出版社】【出版年份】

  Last name,First name.Title of Book.Place of publication:Publisher,Year of publication.

  4、哈佛文献格式(HarvardSystem)

  是哈佛大学的论文参考文献标准,全名为:哈佛注释体系(Harvard System),起源于美国,但是在英国和澳洲等国家运用得比较多,尤其在物理和自然科学领域。

  哈佛文内注的参考文献格式是:“(作者姓氏,发表年份)”.

  哈佛文末的参考文献目录格式为:

  ①期刊类:

  【作者】【发表年份】【文章名】【期刊名】【卷号或期数】【起止页码】

  Ross,N(2015).On Truth Content and False Consciousness in Adorno's Aesthetic T Today,59(2),.

  ②非期刊类:

  Lgnatieff,M.(2012)Keeping an old flame burning brightly. The Guardian.

  三、英文期刊参考文献如何直接引用

  1.引用中的省略

  原始资料的引用:在正文中直接引用时,应给出作者、年份,并用带括号的数字标出页码。若有任何资料省略,使用英文时,应用3个省略号在句中标出(…),中文用6个(……);若两句间的资料省略,英文应用4个省略号标出(‥‥),中文用6个(……)。若要在直接引用插入自己的解释,应使用方括号[ ]。若在资料中有什么错误拼写、错误语法或标点错误会使读者糊涂,应在引用后立即插入[sic],中文用[原文如此]。下面是一些示例:

  例一:The DSM IV defines the disorder [dysthymic] as being in a chronically depressed mood that occurs for "most of the day more days than not for at least two years (Criterion A) …. In children, the mood may be irritable rather than depressed, and the required minimum duration is only one year" (APA, 1994, p. 345).

  例二:Issac (1995) states that bipolar disorder "is not only uncommon but may be the most diagnostic entity in children and adolescents in similar settings …. and may be the most common diagnosis in adolescents who are court-remanded to such settings" ).

  2.大段落引用

  当中文引用超过160字时,不使用引号,而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行,首行缩进4个空格,两端对齐,之后每行都缩进)。

  当英文引用超过40字时,不使用引号,而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行,首行缩进5个空格,左对齐,之后每行都缩进)。

  Elkind (1978) states:

  In general, our findings support Piaget's view that perceptions

  as well as intelligence are neither entirely inborn nor entirely innate but are rather progressively constructed through the gradual development of perceptual regulations. The chapter has also attempted to demonstrate the applicability of Piaget's theory to practical issues by summarizing some research growing out of an analysis of beginning reading. )

  四、英文期刊参考文献格式举例40例

  [1] T. Paulay and J. R. Binney. Diagonally Reinforced coupling beams of shear Walls[S].ACI Special Publication 42, Detroit, 1974, 2: 579-598

  [2] Lam WY, Su R K L, Pam H J. Experimental study of plate-reinforced composite deep coupling beams[J]. Structural Design Tall Special Building, 2009(18): 235-257

  [3] ACI 318-02: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, ACI318R-02:Commentary, An ACI Standard, reported by ACI Com-mittee318, American Concete Institute, 2002

  [4] Siu W H, Su R K L. Effects of plastic hinges on partial interaction behaviour of bolted side-plated beams[J]. Journal of Construction Steel Research, 2010, 66(5):622-633

  [5] Xie Q. State of the art of buckling-restrained braces inAsia[J]. Journal of Construction Steel Research, 2005, 61(6):727-748

  [6] Kim J,Chou H. Behavior and design of structures with buckling-restrained braces[J].Structural Engineering, 2004,26(6):693-706

  [7] Tsai K C, Lai J W. A study of buckling restrained seismic braced frame[J].Structural Engineering, Chinese Society of Structural Engineering, 2002, 17(2):3-32

  [8] Patrick J. Fortney, Bahrem M. Shahrooz, Gian A. Rassati. Large-Scale Testing of a Replaceable “Fuse” Steel Coupling Beam[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering.DECEMBER 2007:1801-1807

  [10] Qihong Zhao. Cyclic Behavior of traditional and Innovative Composite Shear Walls[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, Feb. 2004:271-284  [3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 67.

  [11] Lakoff, G & Johnson, M. 1980. Metaphors We Live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  [12] Lakoff, R. 1990. Talking power: The Politeness of Language. New York: Basic Books.

  [13] Leech, G. 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.

  [14] Austin, J. 1962. How to Do things with Words. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

  [15] Beard, A. 2000. The Language of Politics. London: Rout ledge.

  [16] Bull, P. & Mayer, K. 1993. How not to answer questions in political interviews. PoliticalPsychology 14, 651 一 666.

  [17] Chilton, P. 2002. Language, Politics and Discourse. London: Sage.

  [18] Brown, P. & Levinson, 1978. Politeness: Some Universals in Language. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.

  [19] Heron, J. (1989). The facilitator s Handbook. London: Kogan Page.

  [20] Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Human Be York: Plenum.

  [21] Smith, E. R., & Mackie, D. M. (2007). Social Psychology. Hove: Psychology Press.

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  [23] Lozanov, G. (1979). Suggestology and Outlines of Suggestopedy. New York: Gordon and Breach.

  [24] Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: The role of Attitudes andMotivation. London: Edward Amold.

  [25] Gardner, R. C., & Macintyre, P. D. (1993). On the Measurement of Affective Variables in SecondLanguage Learning. Language Learning(43), 157-194.

  [26] Gattegno, C. (1972). Teaching Foreign Language in School, the Silent Way. New York: EducationalSolutions.

  [27] Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know. New York:Newbury House/Harper & Tow.

  [28] Oxford, R. L. (1999). Anxiety and Language Learner: New Insights. New York: CambridgeUniversity Press.

  [29]Qing Liu,Larry D. Qiu. Implications of Financial Development of the South for Trade and Foreign Direct Investment from the North[J]. Review of Development Economics,2014,182:.

  [30]Andrey Stoyanov. Endogenous Free Trade Agreements and Foreign Lobbying[J]. Review of International Economics,2014,223:.

  [31]Yuhuan Zhao,Zhonghua Zhang,Song Wang,Shaojun Wang. CO2 Emissions Embodied in China's Foreign Trade: An Investigation from the Perspective of Global Vertical Specialization[J]. China & World Economy,2014,224:.

  [32]Mebratu Seyoum,Renshui Wu,Jihong Lin. Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness in Sub‐Saharan Economies: A Panel Data Granger Causality Analysis[J]. S Afr J Econ,2014,823:.

  [33]Federico Etro. Optimal Trade Policy under Endogenous Foreign Entry[J]. Econ Rec,2014,90290:.

  [34]Reza Oladi,John Gilbert. INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS TRADE, FOREIGN AID, AND ENFORCEMENT[J]. Econ Inq,2015,533:.

  [35]Malokele Nanivazo,Sajal Lahiri. Promoting Trade Liberalization: Theoretical Analysis of Foreign Aid as Prize[J]. Review of Development Economics,2015,193:.

  [36]David Hundt. Free Trade Agreements and US Foreign Policy[J]. Pacific Focus,2015,302:.

  [37]Innwon Park,Soonchan Park. Modes of Foreign Direct Investment and Patterns of Trade: An Alternative Empirical Approach[J]. World Econ,2015,388:.

  [38]Thi Ngoc Thuyen Truong,Juthathip Jongwanich,Eric D. Ramstetter. Productivity spillovers from foreign multinationals and trade protection: firm‐level analysis of Vietnamese manufacturing[J]. Asia Pac Econ Lit,2015,292:.

  [39]Robert G Gregory. Living standards, terms of trade and foreign ownership: reflections on the Australian mining boom*[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,2012,562:.

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  和论文写作一样,通过借鉴优秀范文写作可以更好的开展一篇论文的撰写工作,对于英文期刊参考文献部分也是如此,因此笔者上文精心整理了40例英文期刊参考文献实例,再通过相关知识点的详解分析,目的就是让学生们有一个更全面的了解,保证参考文献写作规范,能够在写作中加以正确引用。

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