【段落主旨和支撑是什么】轻松解决阅读理解的宗旨问题

语篇的主要宗旨是高考英语试卷中经常出现考生阅读能力的考点，也是考生觉得最棘手的试题。主要宗旨问题要求考生对篇章有很强的掌握能力和分析能力，笔者从以下三个方面综合分析阅读理解的宗旨问题。

提问类型特征与命题方法

从考试对象来看，宗旨考试：

(1)章的宗旨。这个问题对整个语篇的主题提出了问题，主题文是句子第一段，然后是末段或几段主题的综合。(2)段落的宗旨。这类问题对一段或几段主题提出问题。主题句可能是段落的第一句、最后一句，也可能需要在上下文中查找或总结。2.从考察的内容来看，主题大疑问题可以分为主题类。也就是说，调查文章或段落的宗旨和标题类，即文章最佳标题的选择。题主一般用Main India、Main Point、Kin Point、

常见的提问方式

标题类

(1)which might be the best title for the passage？

(2)which of the following would be the best title for the text？

(3)which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage？

(4)which of the following titles best sums up the whole passage？

中心类

(1)what does the text mainly talk about？

(2)the main idea/key point of this passage is that .

(3)whats the main idea/subject/topic of the passage？

(4)which of the following best States the main idea of the passage？

短装

(1)what is the main idea of paragraph 1/the last paragraph？

(2)what does the author mainly want to tell us in the last paragraph？

(3)which of the following can best summarize paragraph 4？

(4)what does the writer try to express in paragraph 1？

解决思维方式和应试技巧

做主题大意要从主题、主题段落、主题文、语篇结构等方面入手，从整体角度梳理和总结文章语境。1.语篇话题摘要高考英语试卷选定的每篇文章都有具体的话题。语篇中最突出的特点是重复的中心语，即高频语，也称为主题语。抓住它，抓住文章的中心。

[案例1]one of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem，Pluto.which famously was downgrade d from a ' major planet ' to a ' dwarf planet '(矮行星)in 2006，Captured our imagination because

n and that the sky isnt the limit at all. We dont know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.

【试题】

6. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A. Plutos Romance

B. Pluto was First Discovered by a Boy

C. An American Scientist: Clyde Tombaugh

D. The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania

【分析】A考查标题判断。根据文章的整体内容并结合文中反复出现的中心词"Pluto"可推知，本文主要介绍了冥王星被发现的过程以及对人类的意义，故"冥王星的传奇故事"适合作文章的标题。2. 找语篇主题段　　很多语篇都有一个具体的主题，该主题常暗含于主题段中。分析、把握好主题段有利于解答主旨大意题。主题段一般位于篇首，有时是第二段，有时是第三段。对主题段的考查多是主旨大意题。Malaysia马来西亚：the rubber country 橡胶国 Japan日本： the country of sakura 樱花之国

【典例2】Chinas admiration of outstanding scholars has turned the well|preserved childhood home of Tu Youyou, the Chinese pharmacologist(药理学家) who won Nobel Prize in Physiology(生理学) or Medicine, into a popular tourist destination.

【试题】

31.What is the main idea of the text?

A. Tu Youyous former home is for sale.

B. More Chinese have won the Nobel Prize.

C. Nobel Prize winners home becomes an instant attraction.

D. Children benefit from visiting Nobel Prize winners home.

【分析】C考查主旨大意。文章第一段开篇点题，由此可推知，本文主要讲的是诺贝尔奖获得者的故居备受人们追捧，成为新的旅游景点。

3. 找段落主题句

很多语篇的段落都有主题句，后面以支撑句加以详细叙述、说明或论证。解答该类题的关键就在于把握段落的主题句。

(1)主题句位于段首

【典例3】For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages．Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.

【试题】

23.What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1?

A． Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages．

B． The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short．

C． The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams．

D． Man has been fond of travelling rather than staying in one place.

【分析】B考查段落大意。该段第一句为主题句，与B项内容相符，第二、三句为支撑句，论证主题句"现代旅游的速度缩短了国与国之间的距离"。

(2)主题句位于段中

【典例4】All over the world, researchers are racing against the clock to figure out how best to feed more people in a fastchanging world. And some surprising ideas have begun to come up. Two years ago, scientists introduced the first burger made from meat grown in a lab. The project cost more than ＄300,000, but its a start. Other researchers are developing seeds that can survive high temperatures and drought. Still others are finding ways to improve the genes of meat animals so they produce more meat and can stand the heat.

【试题】

30.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?

A. New ways of farming.

B. Some great researchers.

C. Progress in food research.

D. Achievements in lab experiments.

【分析】C考查段落大意。根据第四段的第二句"And some surprising ideas have begun to come up "并结合本段的整体内容可推知，本段主要讲述的是食物研究方面的进步。(3)主题句位于段末【典例5】（2016山西质检，第一段）Some fish seem to be capable of adapting rapidly to climate change. In fact, they might even boom in the warmer oceans of the future, growing bigger and healthier than they can at presentday temperatures. Evidence gathered over the past decade has suggested that climate change will force fish to migrate to cooler waters, or else face extinction. Signs of such migration have already been seen. But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.

【试题】

32.The main idea of the first paragraph is that .

A. some fish can adjust to warmer waters

B. some fish can grow bigger at presentday temperatures

C. some fish may die out in cooler waters

D. big fish can survive the temperature change

【分析】A考查段落大意。根据文章第一段的最后一句"But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations"可知，最近的研究表明一些鱼将来会适应更温暖的水域,故选A。

4.分析语篇结构

高考英语试卷中的语篇结构严谨，不同体裁、不同写作意图的语篇结构迥异。根据语篇结构可了解叙述的过程、说明的用途、议论的主题等，从而正确地确定标题及语篇大意。