文章《英语世界》 2020第二期选择

沈复的《浮生六记》目前有三种译本。

1.Six Chapters of A Floating Life(每林语翻译)

2.six records of a floating life(translated by Leonard Pratt and Chiang su-hui)

3.chapters from a floating life(translated by Shirley m . black)

《阅读与讨论》文字中文取自《浮生六记》(朱古籍出版社,郑州,2010)。英语翻译摘自译本3Chapters from a Floating Life。

讨论《浮生六记》阅读译文Chapters from a Floating Life,阅读原文,了解干隆组普通文人的家庭生活、夫妻的爱情和不幸以及他们的艺术审美情趣。我们惊叹于心腹顾问的修养好。他的文章无论是《闺房记乐》还是《坎坷记愁》都令人感动和同情。关于译文,译者在译文《前言》中有叙述。

In translating The memoirs I have tried first of all to recreate The subtle emotional atmosphere,at once tragic,passionate and gay,whh

这篇文章对我们阅读和理解她的译文很重要,她正在做以下三个尝试。

第一,tried.to recreate the subtle emotional atmosphere;

二、tried to be as meticulous as I could in expressing the exact meaning of the Chinese words;

三、trying to approximate the feeling of the author ' s own way of expressing himself。

读译文的时候,要想到译者的这几个宗旨。在她的译文中,我们经常看到的不是单词的翻译,而是对语义浓缩的文言进行解释,用英语洞察内在的含义,而且文字自然流畅,很少翻译说。这个翻译考虑到译文读者,展示了翻译策略,我们可以称之为“解释”翻译。

在谈到中国文论和中国古典哲学著作的术语翻译时,吴文安说。“。其实没有最好的翻译,只有好的解说。所有翻译在原文中都有变化,任何传统核心概念和术语的翻译都存在这个问题。……”1

中国古典文学作品,包括现代现代文学作品,有很多叙述和描写的词汇,可能习惯上不叫“术语”,但也适用他们的翻译、宇文安的“解说”思想。Shirley M. Black在翻译《浮生六记》时似乎是这样做的。阅读时请注意。

例如,在描述陈云的时候,有这样一篇文章。

“那个样子剃肩脖子长,苗条不露骨,眉毛弯曲,希望神秘,只有两颗牙齿微微露出来似乎不好。缓慢的状态,人们的意义也消失了。单击

“仰望上帝”一词是这样翻译的:her glance sparkled with intelligence and humour.

《红楼梦》第三集在描述探春时也使用了这个词。

“第二次剪肩膀的腰部、长长的身材、鸭蛋脸、俊安修眉、神秘、文采精华、忘记看。”

霍克斯翻译:large、expressive ey

es shot out glances that sparkled with animation.

诸如这类词语在英语里难找到对应词,翻译只能对其进行解释,随译者的理解,解释的文字也不尽相同。

《浮生六记》译文对原文有删减,对情节有编排;细观全文,偶尔有误解和误译,翻译这样的文字,任何译者都难免。

译例1:

【原文】余生乾隆癸未冬十一月二十有二日,正值太平盛世,且在衣冠之家,居苏州沧浪亭畔,天之厚我,可谓至矣。东坡云:“事如春梦了无痕。”苟不记之笔墨,未免有辜彼苍之厚。

【译文】I was born in 1763, at a time of peace and unusual prosperity, in the reign of the Emperor Ch’ien Lung, on the twenty-second day of the eleventh month, in the winter of the year of the sheep. Mine was a full-dress family, one of scholars and gentle-people, who lived near the gardens of the Ts’ang-lang Pavilion, in the city of Soochow.

The gods, I should say, have always been more than generous to me; but, as the poet Su Tung-p’o wrote:

‘Life is like a spring dream

which ends—and leaves no traces.’

By setting down this story of mine, then, I hope to show my gratitude for Heaven’s many favours. (p1)

【简评】可就以上译文思考下面几个问题:

1. 译文第一句语序的变化,译者为什么选择这样译;2“. 太平盛世”译法;3.“ 事如春梦了无痕”译文;4.“ 苟不记之笔墨,未免有辜彼苍之厚”将意义否定的句子译为肯定句。

译例2:

【原文】……时但见满室鲜衣,芸独通体素淡,仅新其鞋而已。见其绣制精巧,询为己作,始知其慧心不仅在笔墨也。【背景:乾隆乙未(1775)冬,芸之“堂姐出阁,余又随母往”,作者对所见芸的装束描述如下:】

【译文】The house was gay, on this ceremonious occasion, with the rainbow-hued new robes of the family and the wedding guests. Yuen alone, looked her quiet, simple self, having added nothing to her everyday dress but a pair of bright new shoes. When I had admired the artistry of their embroidery and learned that she had made the shoes herself, I began to understand that Yuen was extremely capable and practical; that reading, writing, and composing poetry were only a few of her many accomplishments. (p5)

【简评】译者运用想象,描写婚礼场景,“满室鲜衣”,译作家人和客人色彩鲜艳的新衣;gay(brightly colored) 和rainbow-hued(in different colors),是意义一致的两个形容词,意为“亮丽、多彩”;“芸独通体素淡”,译文“Yuen alone, looked her quiet, simple self”,不只指芸的穿着,更指她历来以“素淡”为美,意义深一层。“笔墨”,《现代汉语词典》中解释为“指文字或诗文书画等”,译者将其译作“reading, writing, and composing poetry”,很符合原文所指,且具体、确切,译文读者好懂。

译者充分挖掘原文内涵,做符合原文的“解说”和“补偿”,译文不浅不薄,有血有肉有味道,考虑了读者对译文的期盼。

注释:戴维·霍克斯(David Hawkes,1923—2009),著名汉学家,年轻时即翻译《楚辞》(The Songs of the South),其著作A Little Primer of Tu Fu是颇具权威且广为人知的唐诗翻译作品,而他的译作The Story of the Stone(《红楼梦》)更是身为翻译家的非凡成就,为了全心致力于此翻译计划,他于1971 年辞去牛津大学中文系系主任一职。

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