【小段落结构】连载2 |如何快速熟悉英语段落结构？

树德|公告

海洛，你好。这周开始学的专栏时间要改为星期一人物、星期三爱情、星期五学习、星期一学习、星期三人物、星期五爱情。希望大家继续关注我们。

上周五我们讲了精读英语的方法。(点击阅读：连载1 |怎么样用英语句子(讲解练习)？)，今天我们将谈谈如何读英语段落。

英语句子中的段落是将某一中心思想或共同主题叙述为相互联系的句子而结合在一起的单位。一般来说，段落组织结构是演绎型、匹配型、假设-真型、问题-解决型。

接下来，我将逐一介绍这四段的组织方式。

1、演绎型。

“演绎”是指在文章开头先做一般性说明，然后在下面具体说明这个说明，即总分结构。这种段落组织结构是最常见的，一般多用于说明文。

请阅读下面的文章内容，找出文章主要观点和论点。

Math in Everyday Life

Planning a vacation，going out for a date，choosing the new shower gel.what do all these everyday activities have in common？1，2，3.数学！logical and numerical thinking is an integral part of our routine . if You ' regood at understanding basic concepts of math，You will get a great

Baking and Cooking

When in the kitchen，you ' re supposed to have Some primitive mathematical skills . if you ' d like to Make a rocking romantic dinner ' Make skills

Painting、Sculpting和Dancing

If art is your life、it doesn ' t matter whether you ' re a dancer、Painter or sculptoryou ' re in need of using math . these activities

Picking Shampoo

washing your hair does not require you to be a math expert . however，Taking into account the endless number of shampoo brands available within the

what they actually state is that over 80% of consumers give preference to their products over the old ones . but is that actually true？without being aware of how many individuals were surveyed，their claims are zero.when

it’s about statistics, both – questions and answers are crucial.

At the same time, you may purchase the 300 ml shampoo for $3 or the 400 ml bottle for $4. How to make a choice that will be pocket-friendly? Mental math skills are the answer.

Banking

If you’re going to the bank, but don’t have the slightest idea of what you’re supposed to be doing there or how to manage your own finances, make sure to better stay at home. In order to prevent a huge financial disaster in your life, make sure to have basic math skills.

Traveling

When fueling up for a trip, travelers tend to consider their miles per one gallon. They should calculate both – time and money, when planning a trip in order to find out the departure times and potential arrival hours. They must know the weight of the luggage when traveling by plane. Once they get on the board, basic aviation-related math skills are helpful to calculate the attitude, speed and flying time.

Working

If your dream job is the one within the finance or business segment, sophisticated knowledge of math is a must. At the same time, even hourly earners need to know if their payment accurately reflects the working hours.

As you see, we can’t spend the day without using Math here or there. We’re living in the world of numbers that help us to solve everyday problems. Studying math will enable you to make routine a bit easier.

主要观点：

分论点：

2、匹配型

这种结构主要是对两种事物进行对比，有的是将两种事物的优缺点一一对应阐述，有的是先说完一个事物，再说另一个事物。这样的结构一般见于议论文。

请阅读下面的文章，找出对比的两项事物，以及他们的不同点。

Most of the people find it difficult to differentiate a frog from a toad. They normally mix them up. Although they seem so similar in appearance, they certainly have numerous dissimilarities too.

Frogs are found in many different shapes, sizes, colors, and textures. Frogs have smooth, wet skin. They live most of the time in or near water. They have different eye colors including brown, silver, green, gold and red along with different shapes and sizes of pupil. Some of the frogs have sticky padding on their feet while others have webbed feet. It is obvious that not even all the frogs have same qualities.

Toads too have numerous shapes, sizes, and texture, but they don’t have much variety in color. Toads are chubby and have warty skin. They do spend of their time in water, but they live in moist places like woods, fields and gardens. Their pupils do have different shapes, sizes, and colors, but generally they are egg-shaped, small and black. Usually they have webbed feet.

Toads and frogs have the same way to catch and eat food. Both of them use their tongue to and gulp down the prey. But a frog has a crest of very small cone teeth around the upper jaw edge to seize the food, but a toad doesn’t have any teeth at all. They eat almost same foods as frogs like bugs insects, fish, etc.

To sum up, frogs and toads do seem similar but they have several different qualities regarding shape, size, color, and texture. So it is crystal clear that people mistake while figuring out the difference between a frog and toad. It is needed that one should learn how a frog differs from a toad.

对比的两项事物：

不同点是：

3、假设—真实型

这样的结构一般是作者先提出一种社会上普遍认可或者某些圈子里认可的观点或态度，在下文中进行论述，阐明自己的观点，或者对以上观点进行反驳，或者阐述真实情况。 这样的结构一般常见于议论文。

请阅读以下文章，找出“普通观点”和作者的观点分别是什么。

Out here in Exampleland, Pete and Frank always leave Philadelphia at noon and pass Helen and Irma in Altoona at 4:30, but no one will tell you how fast they're going. And when you're planning for retirement, you can always figure out what percentage of your income you can save, but no one here will tell you what you'll have when you leave the office for the last time.

Today we're going to show why, and what you can learn from that — because you can always learn something in Exampleland. We're going to start with Joe, who started saving for retirement at age 30 in 1975 and retired at age 65. Joe's younger brother, Ralph, also started saving at age 30, but does so four years later. You'll soon see why Joe hates Ralph, and it's not because Ralph briefly dated Abba's Agnetha Fältskog while visiting relatives in Sweden.

Joe invested all his retirement money in the Standard and Poor's 500-stock index and reinvested his dividends. So did Ralph. Each of them earned the median family income — half is higher, half lower. For Joe, that started at $11,800 in 1975, or $46,453, adjusted for inflation. For Ralph, who starts saving in 1979, that's $16,461, or $49,225 adjusted for inflation. Wage growth was a real thing in the 1970s.

Both Joe and Ralph saved 10% of their income each year for retirement. We use nominal dollars for our calculation — that is, not adjusted for inflation — because those are the kind of dollars you get deducted from your paycheck.

Why does Joe hate Ralph? Because Joe retired with $672,000 in his retirement account, while Ralph left work with $906,000 — a difference of $234,000.

As can only happen in Exampleland, both Joe and Ralph had identical savings plans, but they would end up with vastly different results. The reason was entirely due to accidents of birth. Joe retired at the end of 2009, shortly after the worst bear market since the Great Depression, while Ralph, who retired at the end of 2013, had time for his investments to recover and even grow larger.

社会观点：

作者的观点：

4、问题—解决型

这个也很好理解，作者在文中先提出面临的问题，也就是写作背景，接着阐述自己对这个问题的看法，提出自己的意见或者解决方法，文章最后会对自己提出的方法进行评估。这种结构常见于科学文章或者社会时事评论。

请阅读下面的文章，找出本文所要解决的问题和解决方法。

The enormous growth in the use of the internet over the last decade has led to radical changes to the way that people consume and share information. Although serious problems have arisen as a result of this, there are solutions.

One of the first problems of the internet is the ease with which children can access potentially dangerous sites. For example, pornography sites are easily accessible to them because they can register with a site and claim to be an adult. There is no doubt that this affects their thoughts and development, which is a negative impact for the children and for society.

Another major problem is the growth of online fraud and hacking. These days, there are constant news stories about government and company websites that have been hacked, resulting in sensitive information falling into the hands of criminals.

It is important that action is taken to combat these problems. Governments should ensure that adequate legislation and controls are in place that will prevent young people from accessing dangerous sites, such as requiring more than simply confirming that you are an adult to view a site. Parents also have a part to play.

They need to closely monitor the activities of their children and restrict their access to certain sites, which can now be done through various computer programs. Companies must also improve their onsite IT security systems to make fraud and hacking much more difficult by undertaking thorough reviews of their current systems for weaknesses.

To conclude, the internet is an amazing technological innovation that has transformed people’s lives, but not without negative impacts. However, with the right action by individuals, governments and businesses, it can be made a safe place for everyone.

问题：

方法：

这是我写的第34篇文章。希望能对你的英语学习和阅读有所帮助。其实这些方法不局限于阅读英文文章，也可以推及阅读中文文章。

刚刚过了2天繁忙的周末，今天也更加忙碌。

开心的事情是遇到一位家长想让我教孩子美国的Wonders教材，我非常喜欢这套教材，一直想要教，但是在烟台知道这套教材的家长很少。现在终于有机会实践这套超棒的教程啦！

虽然要花费时间从头深入了解教材，备课，但是这个过程却是超级有趣，因为可以实现自己很多的教学理念。

所以，亲爱的你，今天遇到什么开心的事情了吗？

拿真心与实意 ，与光阴做交换