prevent是什么意思

高考英语词汇快速记忆妙招

进入高三，复习成为大家的话题。

而高三第二轮复习起着承上启下的作用，因此显得尤为重要。目前高考英语在重视基础知识的同时，突出考查语言运用能力，形成了以篇章阅读为主体的试题布局。下面分享奇速为高考英语准备的快速记单词的技巧吧，希望对各位同学有所帮助。

第一，过单词用法关

从用法上复习归纳词汇，过语法关。英语词汇大多具有本身词义外，还有其语法功能，我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上，而要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点，从它们 的用法上进行分类记忆。这样，既可记住词汇，又可攻克语法难关，一举两得。

1.宾语不同，意义也不同

英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语，但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有：

go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事)

stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下来去干某事)

regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do很遗憾地去做某事)

forget/remember doing(忘记/记得已做过的事) forget/remember to do(忘记/记得要干的事)

mean doing(意味着干…) mean to do(打算干…)

try doing(尝试做某事) try to do(设法做某事)

2.可接宾语和宾补，形式却不同

某些动词如forbid, advise, allow, permit, admit, consider等直接接动词作宾语要用动名词，但接宾补时，宾补要用不定式。如：

We forbid smoking here.(宾语)

We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补)

You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补)

3.宾语不同、语态不同，意义却相同

有些词如need, require, want, deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式)，可接动名词(要用主动形式表被 动意义)，可与worth, worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如：

The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.

This sentence needs improving.

4.接不定式作宾语的词和词组

接不定式作宾语的词和词组有：decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind, used to , be about to, be able to ,have to 等。如：

She pretended not to see me when I passed by.

5.接动名词作宾语的词和词组

接动名词作宾语的词和词组：mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like, look forward to, can't help, keep(on),miss, be used to, excuse, be worth, imagine ,put off, give up等。

6.系动词

系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语，这类词有：

表感观的系动词：look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear(这些词用形容词作表语)

表变化的系动词：become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run

表依旧的系动词：remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, rest, lie, hold

可带名词作表语的系动词：be, become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn(该词后接的单数名词前多数不用冠词。如：He turned teacher.)

7.含"被动"意味的动词

有些动词如：sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,

tear,wear,pull, clean, add, cook, let(出租)等，它们的主语是事物，且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态，与行为方式状语连 用时，要用主动形式表被动意义。如：

My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。

Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。

8.具有两种形式的易混动词

英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式，使用或考试时极易弄混。如：

hang, hanged, hanged(绞死) hang, hung, hung(挂起)

light, lit, lit, lighted , lighted

bear, bore, born bore, borne

The woman ,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.

lie(撒谎), lied, lied, lying lie(躺，卧，位于)，lay, lain, lying 如：

Do you know the boy lying under the big tree?

第二，过固定短语关

从搭配上复习归纳词汇，过习语关

英语词汇的搭配十分活跃，复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词或介词、副词。我们可按下列 方式进行对比归纳。

1.常用的搭配活跃的名词:

常用的搭配较活跃的名词有：time, way, moment ,means等。如time的搭配短语在教材中出现有：

in no time(立刻,马上)，on time(按时)，in time(及时、迟早、最终)，at a time(一次)，behind the times(落伍)，behind time(不及时,晚点)，at one time(曾经)，for a time(一度)，at times(有时候)，at all times(一直,经常)

2.常用的搭配活跃的动词:

常用的搭配活跃的动词有：look, take, make, give, get, have, go, do, turn, put, set, come等。复习时我们要尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆，如turn一词：

turn on(打开)，turn off(关上)，turn up(放大音量，出现)，turn down(放小音量等，拒绝) ，turn in(上交)，turn against(反对)，turn out(结果是)，turn away(避开)

3.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词:

搭配活跃的介词、副词有：in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from , for ,over, with等。复习时，我们要从不同动 词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关，如on的搭配有：

①on与动词的搭配:

take on(呈现) get on(上车，进展等)，live on(以…为生)，feed on(以…为生)，turn on(打开开关/电器等)，look on(旁观)，spy on(侦察/窥探)，call on(号召;拜访)，go on(继续 )，have on(穿戴)，depend on(依靠)，carry on(执行)，hold on(坚持)，insist on(坚持)，play tricks on(戏弄)，fix on(注视)，impress on(使意识到)

②on与名词搭配(注意冠词的取舍):

on duty(值班)，on business(出差)，on fire(燃烧)，on show(展览)，on time(准时)，on strike(罢工)，on watch(监视，观察)，on sale(出售;减价出售)，on earth(到底，究竟)，on journey(旅游)，on foot(步行)，on purpose(故意)，on the way(在路上)，on the contrary(相 反)，on the one hand(一方面)，on the right(在右边)，on the whole(总而言之)，on one's own(独自 )，on one's side(支持，站在某一方)，on holiday/leave(度假/请假)

③其它情况：

later on(后来)，from now/then on(从现在/那时起)，on account of(由于，因为)

高中英语词组固定搭配

一、接不定式（不接动名词）作宾语的24个常用动词

afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事

agree to do sth. 同意做某事

arrange to do sth.安排做某事

ask to do sth. 要求做某事

beg to do sth. 请求做某事

care to do sth. 想要做某事

choose to do sth. 决定做某事

decide to do sth. 决定做某事

demand to do sth. 要求做某事

determine to do sth. 决心做某事

expect to do sth. 期待做某事

fear to do sth. 害怕做某事

help to do sth. 帮助做某事

hope to do sth. 希望做某事

learn to do sth. 学习做某事

manage to do sth. 设法做某事

offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

plan to do sth. 计划做某事

prepare to do sth. 准备做某事

pretend to do sth. 假装做某事

promise to do sth. 答应做某事

refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

want to do sth. 想要做某事

wish to do sth. 希望做某事

注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：

aim to do sth. 打算做某事

fail to do sth. 未能做某事

long to do sth. 渴望做某事

happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事

hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事

struggle to do sth. 努力做某事

二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词

advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事

bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事

beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事

cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事

command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事

drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事

elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事

encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事

expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事

forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事

force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事

get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事

hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事

help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事

intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事

invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事

leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事

like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事

mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事

need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事

oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事

order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事

permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事

prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事

request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事

remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事

teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事

tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事

train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事

trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事

want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事

warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事

wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事

注：不要受汉语意思的影响而误用以下动词句型：

汉语说：“害怕某人做某事”，但英语不说fear sb. to do sth.

汉语说：“原谅某人做某事”，但英语不说excuse [forgive] sb. to do sth.

汉语说：“拒绝某人做某事”，但英语不说refuse sb. to do sth.

汉语说：“惩罚某人做某事”，但英语不说punish sb. to do sth.

汉语说：“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说suggest [propose] sb. to dosth.

汉语说：“赞成某人做某事”，但英语不说approve sb. to do sth.

汉语说：“通知某人做某事”，但英语不说inform sb. to do sth.

汉语说：“欢迎某人做某事”，但英语不说welcome sb. to do sth.

汉语说：“坚持某人做某事”，但英语不说insist [persist] sb. to do sth.

汉语说：“希望某人做某事”，但英语不说hope sb. to do sth.

汉语说：“安排某人做某事”，但英语不说arrange sb. to do sth.

汉语说：“要求某人做某事”，但英语不说demand sb. to do sth.

汉语说：“感谢某人做某事”，但英语不说thank sb. to do sth.

汉语说：“祝贺某人做某事”，但英语不说congratulate sb. to do sth.

汉语说：“阻止某人做某事”，但英语不说prevent sb. to do sth.

要表示以上意思，可换用其他表达：

汉语的“原谅某人做某事”，英语可说成excuse [forgive] sb. for doingsth.

汉语的“希望某人做某事”，英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.

汉语的“建议某人做某事”，英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.

汉语的“安排某人做某事”，英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.

汉语的“要求某人做某事”，英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.

汉语的“感谢某人做某事”，英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.

汉语的“祝贺某人做某事”，英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.

汉语的“阻止某人做某事”，英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.

三、接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的34个常用动词

admit doing sth. 承认做某事

advise doing sth. 建议做某事

allow doing sth. 允许做某事

appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事

avoid doing sth. 避免做某事

consider doing sth. 考虑做某事

delay doing sth. 推迟做某

deny doing sth. 否认做某事

discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事

dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事

escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事

excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事

fancy doing sth. 设想做某事

finish doing sth. 完成做某事

forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事

forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事

give up doing sth. 放弃做某事

imagine doing sth. 想象做某事

keep doing sth. 保持做某事

mention doing sth. 提及做某事

mind doing sth. 介意做某事

miss doing sth. 错过做某事

pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事

permit doing sth. 允许做某事

practice doing sth. 练习做某事

prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事

prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事

put off doing sth. 推迟做某事

report doing sth. 报告做某事

risk doing sth. 冒险做某事

stop doing sth. 停止做某事

suggest doing sth. 建议做某事

understand doing sth. 理解做某事

四、接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词

bring sb. doing sth.引起某人做某事

catch sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事

discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事

feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事

find sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事

get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事

have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事

hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事

keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事

listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事

look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事

notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事

observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事

prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事

send sb. doing sth.使某人（突然）做某事

set sb. doing sth. 使（引起）某人做某事

start sb. doing sth. 使某人开始做某事

stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

watch sb. doing sth. 观看某人做某事

五、接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词

feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事

have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事

let sb. do sth.让某人做某事

listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事

look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事

make sb. do sth. 使某人做某

notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事

observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事

see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事

watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事

六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词

like to do sth / like doingsth. 喜欢做某事

love to do sth / love doingsth. 喜欢做某事

hate to do sth / hate doingsth. 憎恨做某事

prefer to do sth / prefer doingsth. 宁可做某事

begin to do sth / begin doingsth. 开始做某事

start to do sth / start doingsth. 开始做某事

continue to do sth / continuedoing sth. 继续做某事

can’t bear to do sth / can’tbear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事

bother to do sth / bother doingsth. 麻烦做某事

intend to do sth / intend doingsth.想要做某事

attempt to do sth / attemptdoing sth. 试图做某事

cease to do sth / cease doingsth. 停止做某事

七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词

(1) remember to dosth. 记住要做某

remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事

(2) forget to dosth. 忘记要做某事

forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事

(3) regret to do sth. 后悔（遗憾）要做某事

regret doing sth. 后悔（遗憾）曾做过某事

(4) try to do sth. 设法要做某事

try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果

(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事

mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

(6) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事

go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事

注：stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同，前者指停下来去做某事，后者指停止正在做的事，但stop to do sth. 中的不定式不是宾语，是目的状语。

八、可接双宾语的38个常用动词

(1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词

award sb. sth. = award sth. tosb. 颁奖给某人

bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人

hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人

lend sb. sth. = lend sth. tosb. 把某物借给某人

mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人

offer sb. sth. = offer sth. tosb. 将某物给某人

owe sb. sth. = owe sb. 欠某人某物

pass sb. sth. = pass sth. tosb. 把某物递给某人

pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）

post sb. sth. = post sth. tosb. 把某物寄给某人

read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听

return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人

send sb. sth. = send sth. tosb. 把某物送给某人

sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人

serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人

show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看

take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人

teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物

tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况

throw sb. sth. = throw sth. tosb. 把某物扔给某人

write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信

(2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词

book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物

buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物

choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物

cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物

draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物

fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物

find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物

fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物

get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物

make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物

order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物

pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物

prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物

save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物

sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）

spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物

steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物

注：有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义相同，如bring，play等：

Bring me today’s paper. = Bring today’s paper to [for] me. 把今天的报纸拿给我。

He played us the record he hadjust bought. = He played the record he had just bought for [to] us. 他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。

有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，即可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义不同，如leave等：

They left me no food. = They left no food for me. 他们没给我留一点食物。

My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me.

我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。

而有的动词后接双宾语时，既不能用介词to引出间接宾语，也不能用介词for引出间接宾语，如allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等：

He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。

He asked me some questions. 他问了我一些问题。

This caused me much trouble. 着给我带来了许多麻烦。

He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea. 他一杯茶向我要了5美元。

His mistake cost him his job. 他的错误让他丢了工作。

I envy you your good luck. 我羡慕你的好运。

They forgave him his rudeness. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。

He refused her nothing. 她要什么就给什么。

九、可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的8个常见动词

accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事（罪），指责某人做某事

cheat sb. fo sth. 骗取某人某物

cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病，改掉某人的坏习惯

inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某情况（事）

remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某情况（事）

rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物

rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某东西

warn sb. of sth. 警告某人有某情况

十、可用于“动词+sb+for doing sth”的8个常见动词

blame sb. for doing sth. 指责某人做某事

criticize sb. for doing sth. 批评某人做某事

forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

excuse sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

pardon sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

punish sb. for doing sth. 惩罚某人做某事

scold sb. for doing sth. 指责（责备）某人做某事

thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事

十一、可用于“动词+sb+into doingsth”的9个常见动词

cheat sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事

trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事

fool sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事

force sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事

argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事

talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事

terrify sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事

frighten sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人做某事

persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事

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