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2023-04-05 15:40 75次浏览 财经

【诗词研究】龚刚教授:文学翻译当求妙合

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文学翻译当求妙合

(本文原载于《澳门日报》“雕刻时光” 专栏,2018年10月23日,经授权由 “外国文学文艺研究” 微信公众号推出。)

文学翻译上,我主张 “妙合之译”(可译为corresponding translation, 波德莱尔名作题为Correspondence,意为契合)。妙合者,译者与作者悠然神会之谓也,如傅雷译罗曼·罗兰。许巍的唱词 “生活不止眼前的苟且,还有诗与远方” 广为流传,试译如下: Life is not only for bread and butter, but also for poetry and wonderland.

傅雷先生

这是吾所谓新性灵主义在译论和译艺上的体现。文学翻译亦须闪电般的照亮与灵感。所谓神会,是领会其精神,不是不要形式。若无神会,难得其真。神形兼备才是妙合之译。神会是态度,是过程,神形兼备是结果。

玄虚点说,神会是凝神观照,默体其真,近于伽达默尔所谓视野融合。通俗点说,神会就是嚼透了再译。当下罕有人有此耐心。好多是拉过来就译,半通不通,甚至狗屁不通,误己误人误原作,是为三误。

董伯韬认为,杨绛所谓 “一行一行译” 比化境、神似都切实,朴素而天下莫与之争美。试将《约翰·克利斯朵夫》的初版和现在的通行本对读,傅雷推敲锤炼之功历历可考。就提高译艺而言,这比揣度何谓神似有用多了。

杨绛先生

其实,杨绛翻译《堂吉诃德》采用了 “点烦” 法,并非一一对应。简掉可简的字,就是唐代刘知几《史通》、《外篇》所谓 “点烦”。芟芜去杂,可减掉大批 “废字”,把译文洗练得明快流畅。这是一道很细致、也很艰巨的工序。

由于使用了删繁就简以务使文字洗炼的 “点烦” 法,杨绛的译本比董燕生的译本少了十几万字。这种译法有改写成分,难称妙合之译。


译诗四首

1、我心雀跃(My Heart Leaps Up)

华兹华斯/文 龚刚/译

仰观虹霓

我心雀跃

幼年如是

壮年如是

垂暮之日

亦当如是

若不欣然

与死何异

稚子为父

人生如初

敬天之心

一以贯之

My heart leaps up when I behold

A rainbow in the sky:

So was it when my life began;

So is it now I am a man;

So be it when I shall grow old,

Or let me die!

The Child is father of the Man;

And I could wish my days to be

Bound each to each by natural piety

2、晨而泛红

(The Red-Blaze-is the morining)

狄金森/文 龚刚/译

晨而泛红

午而转紫

日落昏黄

一切皆空

星光十里

余焰何广

耿耿银河

万世不竭

The Red-Blaze-is the morining

The Violet – is Noon –

The Yellow – Day –is falling –

And after that –is None –

But Miles of Sparks – at Evening –

Reveal the Width that burned –

The Territory Argent – that

Never yet –consumed –

3、一朵花-在绽放中-成为自我

(Bloom-is Result-to meet a flower)

(花开-是结果-证成自我)

狄金森/文 龚刚/译

一朵花-在绽放中-成为自我

不经意的一瞥

又怎能参透

成长的奥秘

为了光明的伟业

如此宛转曲折

然后像蝴蝶一样

臻达生命的顶点-

呵护花蕾-抵御虫扰-

汲取雨露滋润-

防热-避风-

躲开窥伺的蜜蜂

大自然不会失望

静候这一天,她的日子-

成为一朵花,

是深邃的使命

Bloom — is Result — to meet a Flower

And casually glance

Would scarcely cause one to suspect

The minor Circumstance

Assisting in the Bright Affair

So intricately done

Then offered as a Butterfly

To the Meridian —

To pack the Bud — oppose the Worm —

Obtain its right of Dew —

Adjust the Heat — elude the Wind —

Escape the prowling Bee

Great Nature not to disappoint

Awaiting Her that Day —

To be a Flower, is profound

Responsibility —

4、SLOW DANCE(慢舞)

龚刚/译

(This is apoem written by a teenager with cancer.

此诗是身患癌症的少年所作)

Have you ever watched kids on a merry-go-round?

你可曾观察过旋转木马上的儿童?

Or listened to the rain slapping on the ground?

你可曾倾听过雨水拍打地面?

Ever followed a butterfly's erratic flight?

你可曾追逐过飘飞的蝴蝶?

Or gazed at the sun into the fading night?

你可曾凝望着太阳从夜色中浮现?

You better slow down.

Don't dance so fast.

请慢下来,

不要快舞。

Time is short.

The music won't last.

时间易逝,

嘉曲无常。

Do you run through each day on the fly?

你是否每天都匆匆忙忙?

When you ask, “How are you?”

Do you hear the reply?

当你问候别人 “你好吗?”

你是否来得及听到回答?

When the day is done,

do you lie in your bed,

with the next hundred chores running through your head?

当一天结束,

你躺在床上,

脑海里会否盘旋着

成百件未了琐事?

You'd better slow down

Don't dance so fast.

请慢下来,

不要快舞。

Time is short

The music won't last.

时间易逝,

嘉曲无常。

Ever told your child,

We'll do it tomorrow?

你可曾推脱孩子,

明天再说?

And in your haste,

Not see his sorrow?

你可曾因为生活忙碌,

没有看到他的忧伤?

Ever lost touch, let a good friendship die.

长久的疏远,

埋葬了美好友情。

Cause you never had time

To call and say, 'Hi'

你永远没时间打电话给她,

说一声 “你好”

You'd better slow down.

Don't dance so fast.

请慢下来,

不要快舞。

Time is short.

The music won't last..

时间易逝,

嘉曲无常。

When you run so fast to get somewhere,

You miss half the fun of getting there.

当你急匆匆跑向目的地,

你已丧失了一半乐趣。

When you worry and hurry through your day,

当你在焦虑和匆忙中度日,

It is like an unopened gift….

Thrown away.

就像一份礼物,

还未打开,

就被抛弃。

Life is not a race.

Do take it slower.

生活不是竞赛,

请放慢些。

Hear the music

Before the song is over.

好好聆听音乐吧,

当一曲未了。

(文中图片来自网络,版权归原创)

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