连日来频频登上热搜的“钻石公主”号,终于在昨日迎来了全员下船的消息。

日本厚生劳动省3月1日宣布,“钻石公主”号邮轮上的最后一批人员已于1日下船。至此,发生新冠肺炎集体感染的“钻石公主”号邮轮上包括船长在内的全员都已下船完毕。

据日本NHK报道,当天下船的人员共约130人,包括船长、日本卫生部官员、船员等。这批最后下船的人员将被统一送往日本埼玉县进行为期14天的隔离,隔离期结束后,病毒核酸检测为阴性即可离开。

Everyone on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship has finally disembarked, said Japan's Health and Labor Minister Katsunobu Kato at a press conference on Sunday.

Around 130 people – including the captain and 98 health ministry officials who were working aboard – tested negative for the virus as they left the vessel, he said.

They will spend 14 days at government-designated dormitories before being allowed to leave Japan, while the vessel will be disinfected before sailing again. At least six people who were hospitalized after being taken off the ship have died, the health ministry said.

“钻石公主”号邮轮上到底发生了什么?

此次新冠肺炎疫情的爆发和蔓延,让曾经风光无限的游轮行业遭受了巨大冲击。

密闭狭小的空间、庞大的载客量、中央空调、牵涉多国的管辖权……这一切,似乎都为病毒的传播提供了绝佳条件,让抗疫工作变得步履维艰。

其中,最受关注的“钻石公主”号,在不断上升的确诊病例和死亡人数中,一步步沦为疫情中的“恐怖游轮”。

截至目前,“钻石公主”号邮轮上已有705人确认感染新冠肺炎,共计6人死亡。

The Diamond Princess, with 3,711 passengers and crew on board, set off on January 20 for a two-week voyage, but instead became an epidemic hot spot.

So far, 705 people, nearly one-fifth, have been confirmed to be infected.

从这艘邮轮出现疫情开始,日本的相关举措就遭到外界诟病。

事实上,从国际法的角度来看,日本并没有采取措施防止感染扩大的权限和义务,因为这艘船不是日本的。尽管“钻石公主”号上日本人居多,但该游轮是一艘英籍游轮,而船的实际运营和所属公司又是美国公司。在这样复杂的局面下,日本允许船舶停靠是一种人道主义的帮助。

但一些专家指出,日方漫长、拖沓、低效的处置方式加快了“钻石公主”号疫情的蔓延。

那么,从豪华游轮到“海上孤岛”——在恐惧和无助中漂泊了40天的“钻石公主”号,到底经历了什么?

我们来看一下时间线:

“钻石公主”号是全球十五大最豪华游轮之一,吃、喝、玩、乐一应俱全,一切设施均是顶级配置。

  • 1月20日,载有3711名乘客和船员的“钻石公主”号从横滨出发;一名80岁香港男性乘客上船,19日已出现发烧状况
  • 1月25日,游轮经停香港,该名乘客下船
  • 2月1日,该乘客被确诊新冠肺炎
  • 2月3日-4日,“钻石公主”号紧急停靠横滨,日本医护人员登船实行海上检疫,此时已有10人确诊感染;船方要求乘客在船上等待一天,据网友透露,此时仍无人戴口罩,且餐厅人满为患
  • 2月5日,日本开始要求邮轮上所有人员在海上隔离14天
  • 2月8日,日本厚生劳动省将一批药物储备、温度计、橡胶手套、消毒液等物资送上船

……

在此期间,确诊人数每天都在以可怕的速度上升:

从8日累计确诊64人到10日累计确诊135人,再到13日升至218人,17日更是达到454人。而在确诊人数不断上升的过程中,日方一直到2月18日才完成检测工作,此时距离隔离期开始已经过去整整两个礼拜。

The mood turned gloomy on this luxury cruise ship on February 1 when an 80-year-old male Hong Kong passenger was diagnosed with COVID-19 a week after his disembarkation.

The ship returned to Yokohama two days later, and was put under a 14-day quarantine by the Japanese government after 10 people on the ship had tested positive for the virus.

日本厚生省官员对外解释称因为人数太多,检测人手不足。但相比检测效率,一些专家表示,隔离期间船上的混乱状况更是直接造成感染人数的大幅上升,让“钻石公主”号一夜之间从一座移动的海上“五星级酒店”变成行走的“病毒库”。

2月18日,一位日本感染病学教授登上“钻石公主”号开展检疫工作,但目之所及的混乱管理让曾经参与埃博拉、“非典”疫情防控的他深感恐惧和绝望:

有病毒的红区和无病毒的绿区没有明显间隔;

哪里危险哪里不危险无法分辨;

患者与普通人随便接触……

当他向厚生省官员指出问题的时候,竟直接被赶下船。这名教授随后录制了一段视频发于网上,怒批船上的防疫管理堪称“悲惨”,呼吁日本加强防疫工作。

There has been a controversy over the quarantine of the ship and heavy criticism over the Japanese government's handling of the outbreak.

The confirmed cases kept surging during the quarantine period. From February 15 to 19, the average daily increased cases were above 65. On the final day of the quarantine, the cumulative number of confirmed cases exceeded 600.

2月19日,日本国立传染病研究所(NIID)首次发表报告,全面揭示“钻石公主”号邮轮的疫情与检测始末。报告透露,有明确证据显示,在2月5日对该邮轮实施隔离检疫之前,船上就已经发生了新冠病毒肺炎疫情的大量传播。

同日,“钻石公主”号部分检测结果呈阴性的乘客开始下船。然而下船并不意味着结束,反而成了另一种担忧的开始。

据统计,从19日到21日,“钻石公主”号上约有970人下船。令外界哗然的是,下船的日本乘客大部分乘坐公共交通回家,没有被要求采取进一步的隔离措施。其他国家的乘客则乘坐包机回国。不少专家及民众担忧,如果其中有“假阴性”患者,将会造成疫情的大范围扩散。

事实证明,这种担忧不无道理。

从2月21日开始,接连传来由“钻石公主”号下船回国的乘客被确诊新冠肺炎的消息:

  • 21日,澳大利亚政府发布消息称,两名从“钻石公主”号游轮撤离的澳大利亚公民确诊感染新冠肺炎;
  • 22日,日本枥木县宣布确诊1名从“钻石公主”号下船的乘客;当天晚上,日本厚生劳动省召开记者会道歉:承认“钻石公主”号已下船的人中有23人被漏检;
  • 23日,英国新确认了4名新冠肺炎感染者,这4人均是此前“钻石公主”号邮轮的乘客,在回到英国后核酸检测显示为阳性;

……

In addition, many cases were confirmed after being released with negative test results. After the quarantine ended, around 970 passengers who tested negative were released between February 19 and 21.

The released passengers made their way to waiting coaches or into taxis, returning to life as normal, without further confinement. Overseas passengers took chartered flights arranged by their home countries and, when back on their home soil, were placed under quarantine for another 14 days.

Concerns that the ship could become the source of a fresh wave of expanding infections swelled when a Japanese woman was found infected three days after disembarking.

除出现多名下船后被确诊感染的乘客外,在邮轮上参与工作的日本厚生劳动省职员和检疫官等11人也相继被感染。

有了前车之鉴,日本厚生劳动大臣加藤胜信3月1日表示,此前曾上船的政府官员将进入居家隔离模式,在下船后的两周内都将在自家工作。航运公司方面也透露,将对邮轮内部进行消毒,预计4月29日恢复航行。

Among the overseas passengers who had been tested negative and brought home, at least 68 were found infected in their home countries, including 42 Americans and seven Australians.

As of February 20, half of those infected with the coronavirus had no symptoms and became asymptomatic carriers, making it more complicated to detect cases and curb transmission.

A passenger stands outside on the balcony of the Diamond Princess cruise ship anchored at the Yokohama Port, near Tokyo, February 6, 2020. /AP Photo

时间倒退回2020年1月20日。

当日,几近满员的“钻石公主”号邮轮从日本横滨出发。这艘服役了16年的豪华邮轮的官网上写着——“让2020年成为最好的一年”,所有人都对此充满期待。

2020年3月1日,在经历了漫长的隔离、无尽的等待、与日俱增的恐惧后,这艘难以靠岸的船终于结束了40天的海上漂流。

船靠岸了,但这段“被感染”的航程,无疑会在往后的时间里,成为一些人难以忘却的记忆。

(Source:NHK、新华网、人民日报海外网等)

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