gubss头盔怎么样？我来告诉你答案20考研英语熟词僻义收藏版，背下来做阅读理解不再“卡壳”！

考研就像在黑房间洗衣服一样。你洗干净了吗，只能再洗一次。(莎士比亚)。

等到上了考场的那一刻，灯亮了，你发现有的人忘记加洗衣粉，有的人用的是洗衣机。但只要你认真地洗过了每一个地方，那件衣服一定可以光亮如新的，而你以后每次穿这件衣服时都会想起这段岁月。

academic

a.①学校的，学院的；②学术的； n.学者，大学教师

【例 1】If the preoccupation of schools with academic (a.①) work was lessened,

more time might be spent teaching children surer values.

【译】 如果学校对学业的强调减少一些，也许就有更多的时间教孩子更重要的价值观

念。

【例 2】 Mr. McWhorter’s academic (a.②) speciality is language history and

change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be

natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old Engli

【译】 麦克沃特先生的学术专长在于语言史和语言变化，举例来说，他认为“whom”

一词的逐渐消失是很自然的，并不比旧式英语中词格的消失更让人惋惜。

【例 3】 Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic (n.) and former chief

executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much

“reengineering” has been crude.

【译】 哈佛学者伦纳德·施莱辛格是一家迅速扩张的美味面包店的前总裁，他说，许多

“企业重组”都不成熟。

accommodate

①留宿，收容；②供应，供给；③使适应；使符合

【例 1】 And they also need to give serious thought to how they can be best

accommodate(③) such changes.

【译】 他们也应该认真考虑青少年是如何适应这些变化的。

acknowledge

v.①承认，认为；②致谢；③确认

【例 1】 Dr. Worm acknowledges (①) that these figures are conservative, one

reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.

【译】 Worm博士承认这些数据还是保守的，一个原因就是捕鱼技术已经改进了很多。

act

v. ①行动，做事；②(on)起作用；③表演；④(for)代表，代替；n.①行为，动作；②(一)

幕；③法令，条例

【例1】Governments throughout the world act (v.②) on the assumption that the

welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.

【译】 世界各国的政府都基于一种观点行政，即人民的福利在很大程度上取决于本国

的经济实力和国家的财富。

【例 2】 The paid manager acting (v.④) for the company was in more direct

relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar

personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the

more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.

【译】 代表公司进行管理的领薪经理们与工人和工人的需求形成更加直接的关系，但

甚至他们也很少像正在被淘汰的旧式家族企业的家长制中的雇主那样熟悉和了解工人的情

况。

【例 3】 Some , however , are less reasonable processes of different growth in

which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in

authority, act (n.①) to alter the growth pattern of different areas.

【译】 然而，不同的发展过程中，有些不怎么合理——在这些发展过程中，一些权威

人士对科学研究应该采取的方式有偏见，从而改变了不同科学领域的发展模式。

【例 4】 The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required

by the Thatcher Government’ s Broadcasting Act (n.③) to become more commercial,

competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs.

【译】 按撒切尔政府广播法的要求，商业电视频道——第一和第四频道——正在进行

商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减员工。

address

n.地址，通讯处，致词；v.①致函，写姓名地址；②向……讲话；③处理4

【例 1】 Depending on whom you are addressing (v.②), the problems will be

different.

【译】 针对不同的听众，要谈的问题也应该不同。

aggressive

a.①侵略的，好斗的；②大胆的，积极的

【例 1】 Now it is a social policy, the most important and aggressive (②)

promoter of gambling in America is the government.

【译】 现在这是一种社会政策，赌博业最重要的和最激进的支持者是美国政府。

anchor

n.①锚；②新闻节目主持人；v.抛锚，停泊

【例 1】 Fast-food eaters, news anchors (n.②), text messengers, all smiling,

smiling.

【译】 快餐食客、新闻主播、发短信的人，都在微笑、微笑。

【例 2】 Hot spots, anchored (v.) in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the

measuring instruments needed to resolve the question.

【译】位于地壳深处的热点提供了解决该问题的测量依据。

appreciate

v.①感谢，感激；②正确评价，欣赏，赏识

【例 1】 The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that the

Japanese appreciate (②) their present life.

【译】日本人的生活方式的改变体现在日本人欣赏他们现在的生活。

【例 2】 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve5

only when there are comprehensive programs that address (v.③) the many

needs of the homeless.

【译】 《波士顿环球日报》记者克里斯雷迪认为只有通过全面规划来解决这些无家可

归者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。

apprehensive

a.①有理解力的；②忧虑的，担心的

【例 1】 What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards the consolidation in

the rail industry? [D] Apprehensive (②).

【译】 许多受控制的托运人对铁·部门的合并是什么态度? [D] 担心，害怕

argue

v.①争论，辩论；②认为，主张，论证；③说服

【例 1】 The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing

(①) about the rights of animals is fruitless.

【译】 关键问题是：如果不就人民的权利达成一致，就动物的权利争论是徒劳的。

【例 2】 He is not arguing (②), as many do, that we can no longer think straight

because we do not talk proper.

【译】 不像其他大多数人，他并不认为我们说话方式不规范就不能使我们直接思考。

attach

v.①(to)缚上，系上，贴上；②使依附，使隶属，使依恋；③附加，附带；④把～放在

【例 1】 A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has

been attached (①) to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated

the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who6

advocated decreased funding for basic research.

【译】 1996 年对新闻报道的调查表明，反科学的标签也贴在了许多其他群体身上，

这些人包括从提倡消灭所有现存的天花病毒的官方人士到倡议削减基础研究基金的共和党

人。

【例 2】 They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over

additional billions with few, if any, strings attached (③).

【译】这些官员(尤其是魁北克省和阿伯塔省)只希望政府当局额外出钱，如有可能，还

会附带条件。

【例 3】The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as

Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached (④) great

importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological

devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.

【译】推崇技术的现代学派认为，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯Τ、爱因斯坦这样的大师以

及像爱迪生这样的发明家，都非常重视科学实验中使用的不同技术信息和技术设施，并从中

受益颇深。

contend

v.①竞争，斗争；②坚决主张，声称，认为

【例 1】 It is the playgoers, the RSC contends (②), who bring in much of the

town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights)

pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.

【译】 皇家莎士比亚公司(RSC)声称是看戏的人给小镇带来了大部分收入，因为他们

整个晚上(有时甚至是四、五个晚上)都把钱花到旅馆和饭店上。

cook

n.炊事员，厨师；v.①烹调，煮，烧；②编造

【例 1】 If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a

shopping list, decide which food to cook (n.①)

【译】 如果我们打算邀请朋友共进晚餐，我们计划菜单，制作购物清单，决定要烹饪

哪些食物。

【例 2】 Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday

performance of his routine duties— he is not supposed to cook (v. ② ) his

experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.

【译】 像其他人类一样，普通科学家甚至在日常的工作中都遭遇到了道义上的问题—

—他不应该编造他的实验、制造证据或改动他的报告。

beam

①(横)梁，桁条；②(光线的)束，柱；v.①微笑；②发光

【例 1】 Our magazines feature beaming (v.①) celebrities and happy families in2

perfect homes.

【译】 我们的杂志突出刊登满面春风的名人和美满幸福的家庭。

cement

n.①水泥；②胶泥，胶接剂；v.①胶合；②巩固，加强

【例 1】Egypt’ s leadership in the Arab world was cemented (v.②) by the Aswan

High Dam.

【译】 埃及在阿拉伯世界的领导地位因阿斯旺大坝而得以巩固。

chair

n.①椅子；②主席(职位)；vt.主持，担任

【例 1】“It’ s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright, chair (n.②) of psychology

at Chicago’s Medical Center,“If you don’t like it, change it.”

【译】 芝加哥医疗中心心理部主任 Rosalind Cartwright 指出“这是你的梦，你不喜

欢它，你可以改变它”。

【例 2】 Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry

technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an

experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an

independent panel of experts chaired (vt.) by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to

report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national

policy on human cloning.

【译】 他宣称反对利用这种非同寻常的畜牧学技术去克隆人，并下令禁止使用联邦资

金做这样的实验——尽管还没有人提出那样的要求——并责令成立一个由普林斯顿大学校

长哈罗德夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组， 在 90 天内拿出有关克隆人的国策建议， 向白宫汇报。

climate

n.①气候；②风气，社会思潮

【例 1】 The flight from over crowdedness affects the migration from snow belt

to more bearable climates (①).

【译】 逃离人口过度稠密区的做法改变了以前那种离开寒冷地带去气候宜人之地的趋

势。

【例 2】When the work is well done, a (43：climate) (②) of accident-free

operations is established (44：where) time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.

【译】 如果此项工作做得好的话，就会形成无事故作业的好风气，因此那儿的因工伤

事故所造成的时间损失就会被控制在最低限度。

code

n.①代码，代号，密码；②法典，法规，规划

【例 1】Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that

Navajo could be used by the US military as a code (①) during World War II to send

secret messages.

【译】 美洲的土著语言是如此地“与众不同”，甚至美军在第二次世界大战中用土著

语言 Navajo 发送密码。

【例 2】 But his primary task is not to think about the moral code (②), which

governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his

energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

【译】 但是，普通科学家的主要任务并非思考指导其行为的道德规范，正如我们并不

指望商人把精力投入到商业行为的探索一样。

column

n.①圆柱，柱状物；②列；③(报刊中的)专栏

【例 1】“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in aWall Street Journal

column (③), “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives

freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however

disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.”

【译】 他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道：“对任何一个民主社会的检验标准

不在于它能多有效地压制各种情感的表达， 而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由，尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒。”

coverage

n.①新闻报导 ；②覆盖范围；②保险项目

【例 1】With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia

and America can now watch the Corporation’s news coverage (①), as well as listen

to it.

【译】 随着 BBC(英国广播公司)全世界电视节目的开播，亚洲和美洲的数以百万计的

人不仅可以听到它的新闻广播，而且也能看到它的电视新闻报道了。

crack

n.①裂纹，缝隙；②破裂声；v.①(使)开裂;②解决；③(get ～ing)开始

【例 1】 As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks) (n.①); in at least

a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that

the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.

【译】随着这个圆顶的增大，板块出现深深的裂缝。至少在少数情况下，大陆可能会沿5

着其中的一些裂缝完全裂开，因此这个热点就引发了一个新的海洋的形成。

【例 2】 Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to

driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked (v.①) rearview mirror and a

faulty steering wheel.

【译】因此，才会有人将货币政策的指导作用比作是驾驶一辆带有黑色挡风玻璃、破碎

的后视镜及方向盘失灵的破汽车。

【例 3】 So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual

complaint list, they should also get cracking (v. ③ ) about something in their

jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.

【译】所以，当官员们聚集在尼亚加拉瀑布城像往常一样不停的抱怨时，他们也应该在

自己的权限范围内开始做些有利于他们的预算和病人的事情。

craft

n.①工艺，手艺，技巧；②飞机，飞船；③行业；v.精工制作

【例 1】 The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as

Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great

importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft (n. ① ) information and

technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.

【译】推崇技术的现代学派认为，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯Τ、爱因斯坦这样的大师以

及像爱迪生这样的发明家都非常重视科学实验中使用的不同技术信息和技术设施， 并从中受益颇深。

【例 2】 The irony of the historian’s craft (n.③) is that its practitioners always

know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process .

【译】具有讽刺意义的是，在历史学领域，历史学家都知道，他们所做的努力只不过是

为一个永无止境的研究过程做一些贡献罢了。

deliver

v.①交付，递送；②发表，表达，陈述；③释放；④接生

【例 1】 Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver (①)

a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’

computer monitors.

【译】 最突出的例子是“定向投影”网络公司，该公司使用一种屏保系统，将大量最

新的信息和广告不断地传送到用户的计算机显示器上。

【例 2】 Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can

deliver (②) in a relaxed and unforced manner.

【译】 (练习幽默)包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话，你可以用轻松的、不做作

的方式把它们说出来。

digest

v.消化；n.摘要，文摘

【例 1】 This passage appears to be a digest (n.) of a book review.

【译】 本文似乎是一个书评的摘要。

discipline

n.①纪律；②学科；③训练，训导；④惩罚，处罚；vt.①训练，训导；②惩罚，约束

【例1】 Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge

to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline (n.②) and more from internal

quarrels among historians themselves.

【译】 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是

因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。

【例 2】 As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported,

“With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline (n.③), the American boy

develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”

【译】 正如 1853 年访美的一个英国访问团成员所报道的那样，“由于有了学校彻底

训练过的头脑，美国孩子迅速地成为技术熟练的工人。”

【例 3】 The cruel discipline (n.④) of the strike and lockout taught the two

parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair

negotiation.

【译】 罢工和封厂的无情惩罚使双方学会了互相尊重对方的力量，理解公正谈判的价

值。

dismiss

v.①免职，解雇，开除，解散；②.不理会，不考虑

【例 1】He dismisses (②) a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere

rubbish —“the worst sort of ambulance-chasing.”

【译】 他对重组顾问们所作的大量工作不屑一顾，然为那些完全是垃圾——“典型的3

劳而无获”。

dock

n.船坞，码头；v.入坞，停靠码头

【例 1】 He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the

boat docked (v.) at 5 a.m , then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m.

【译】 有时他一次玩两个老虎机，整夜的玩，直到早上 5 点关门，然后娱乐场早上 9

点开门时再回去。

doctor

n.①博士；②医生；v.编造，篡改

【例 1】“Who is that?”the new arrival asked St.Peter.“Oh, that’ s God,”came

the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor (n.②).”

【译】 “这是谁啊?”新来的人问圣彼得。“哦，那是上帝，”他回答说，“但有时也

认为自己是一名医生。”

【例 2】 Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday

performance of his routine duties— he is not supposed to cook his experiments,

manufacture evidence, or doctor (v.) his reports.

【译】 像其他人类一样，普通科学家甚至在日常的工作中都遭遇到了道义上的问题—

—他不应该编造他的实验、制造证据或改动他的报告。

document

n.公文，文献；vt.记载，证明

【例 1】 Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and

low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents (vt.) is unmi

【译】 麦克沃特先生从上层和下层文化中列举了一系列有趣的例子，从中我们可以看

出他所记的这种趋势不可避免。

draft

n.草稿，草案，草图；v.起草，草拟

【例 1】That group — the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) —

has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17

May, members agreed on a near-final draft (n.) of their recommendations.

【译】 这个名为“全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会”(NBAC)的小组一直在非常积极的工

作，集思广益，并正在将其意见写成报告；在 5 月 17 日的一次会议上，委员们就几乎定稿

的建议书取得了一致意见。

【例 2】 “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” says a

law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft (v.) the new guidelines.

【译】 康奈尔大学法学院一位参与起草新纲要的教授说，“重要的信息会淹没在细枝

末节的汪洋大海之中”。

dramatic

a.①戏剧的，戏剧性的；②剧烈的，激进的；③显著的，引人注目的

【例 1】 Yet, dramatic (①) instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be

adaptive.

【译】 然而戏剧性地突然遗忘某事可能会带来适应性方面的问题。

【例 2】 As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic (②) measures may

be ineffective and painful.

【译】 作为一名医生，我深知最昂贵和最激进的手段也可能是无效的和痛苦的；5

【例 3】 Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington

back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic (③) declarations on the

chance they might be wrong.

【译】 Straitford公司的简报?有华盛顿许多其他公司常常提供的那种闪烁其词的预

报，其他公司这?做是为了避免万一预报不准备人抓住把柄。

element

n.①元素；②组成部分；③人员，分子

【例 1】 They are different in that their elements (①) are arranged differently,

and each vitamin performs)one or more specific functions in the body.

【译】 它们的不同之处在于?种维生素内部的元素排列不同，并且每种维生素在人体内

都有一种或多种特殊作用。

【例 2】 Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly

increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element (②)

in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the

duties of the landowners； and almost equally detached from the responsible

management of business.

【译】 对资本与企业的如此大规模的非个人操纵大大地增加了作为一个阶级的持股人

的数量及其地λ的重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，不仅从地产和土地所有者的责

任中脱离出来，而且几乎相应地也从企业管理的责任中脱离出来。

【例 3】 The change met the technical requirements of the new age by

engaging a large professional element (③) and prevented the decline in efficiency

that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third

generation after the energetic founders.

【译】 通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求，并防止了效率的降低，而在

过去这种低效率曾使得许多旧式家族企业在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、 三代手中破产倒

闭。

engage

v.①(in)从事，参与；②(to)与……订婚；③聘用；④吸引

【例 1】 Nevertheless Williams’s suit charged that the casino, knowing he was

“helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “lure” him to

“engage (①) in conduct against his will” well.

【译】 然而威廉姆斯还是控告娱乐场，明知道他“不可救药地赌博上瘾”还故意“诱

惑”他“违背他自己的意愿参加赌博”。

【例 2】 The change met the technical requirements of the new age by

engaging (③) a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency

that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third

generation after the energetic founders.

【译】 通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求，并防止了效率的降低，而在

过去这种低效率曾使得许多旧式家族企业在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、 三代手中破产倒闭。

【例 3】 To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage (④) sympathy.

【译】 对于大多数人来说，看见一个动物在受苦，足以引起他们同情。

experiment

n.试验；v.(on)做实验

【例 1】Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments (n.) it prepares

than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.

【译】 在实践中，科学成果的取得依赖于做有准备的实验，但更依赖于有思想准备的

实验观察者。

【例 2】 He experimented (vi.) with antibacterial substances for nine years

before he made his discovery.

【译】 他是对抗菌物质进行了长达 9 年的实验才有了这项发明。

fabricate

v.①捏造，编造(谎言，借口等);②建造，制造

【例 1】 The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from

the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even

accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating (①) their data.

【译】 这些新近被描述的语言和得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显

著，以至于有些学者甚至指责 Boas 和 Sapir 编造了材料。

fair

a.①公平的，合理的;②相当的，尚好的;③晴朗的;④金发的;n.集市，交易会，博览会

【例 1】 To be fair (a.①), this observation is also frequently made of Canada and

Canadians, and should best be considered North American.

【译】 平心而论，人们对加拿大人也有这样的评论，因而，应当认为这是北美的普遍

现象。

【例 2】 In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were

awarded at country fairs (n.) and at the industrial fairs in major cities.

【译】 在美国，奖励新发明的大量奖品在乡村集市和大城市的工业博览会上颁发。

fashion

n.①流行式样(或货品)，风尚，风气;②样子，方式;vt.形成，制作，塑造

【例 1】 More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion (n.①),

companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another.

【译】 最近，在网络已被证明不是一时的时髦之后，公司间便开始(在网上)交易产品

和服务。

【例 2】 His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have

applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion (n.②), chopping out costs without

giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.

【译】 他的同事迈克·比尔说，太多的企业以机械的方式进行重组，降低了成本却?有

考虑到长远效益。

【例】 If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress

should help to begin fashioning (vt.) conservation measures.

【译】 假如政府当局?有采取司法行动，议会就应该协助来推广环保措施。

feature

n.①特征，特色;②(报纸或杂志)特写;③容貌，面目;v.使有特色

【例 1】 The complementary coastlines and certain geological features (n.①)

that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once

joined.

【译】 但互相吻合的海岸线和某些似乎跨越海洋的地质特征表明两个大陆曾经连在一

起。

【例 2】 This passage appears to be a digest of a magazine feature (n.②).

【译】 本文似乎是一份杂志特写的摘要。

【例 3】 Kitcher’s book is intended to expose the true features (n.③) of

creationists.

【译】 肯切尔的书旨在披露科学创世论者的真实面目。

【例 4】 Our magazines feature (v.) beaming celebrities and happy families in

perfect homes.

【译】 我们的杂志突出刊登满面春风的名人和美满幸福的家庭。

field

n.①田，田野;②运动场;③领域，方面;④实地,野外

【例 1】 The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the

most shots at the goal — and so it goes with innovation in any field (③) of activity.

【译】 关键在于得分最多者正是那些射门次数最多的球员，而任何领域的创新活动都

是如此。

【例 2】 Anthropology is a field-study (④) oriented discipline which makes

extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.

【译】 人类学是一个以实地研究为方向的学科，该学科在研究中常常大量使用对比分

析方法。

figure

n.①体形;②数字;③图形;④人物;v.(out)算出，估计，推测

【例 1】 In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates that figure (n.

②) will be 75 percent.

【译】 国家癌症研究所估计，到 2000 年存活率将升至 75%。

【例 2】 Americans no longer expect public figures (n.④), whether in speech or

in writing, to command the English language with skill and gi do they aspire

to such command themselves.

【译】 美国人不再期望公众人物在演讲或写作文章之时可以巧妙地、富有天分地使用

英语了，而他们自己本身也不奢望自己能够做到这一点。

finance

n.①财政，金融;②资金;v.为……提供资金

【例 1】 This also involves the agreements between European countries for the

creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the

European Investments Bank, will handle the finances (n.②) necessary for

production costs.

【译】 这也要求欧洲国家达成共识，并效仿能解决生产所需资金的欧洲投资银行的模

式，来创立一个欧洲节目制作资源库。

【例 2】 The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in

Britain’s former colony.They financed (v.) Americans built

who owns them now? The Americans.

【译】 英国人、德国人、荷兰人和法国人都在这个前英国殖民地投资。他们提供资金，

美洲移民建造。想想看，现在谁拥有这一切? 美国人。

firm

a.①坚固的，稳固的;②坚决的，坚定的;n.公司，商号

【例 1】 It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable

price, thereby establishing a firm(a.①) home market and so making it possible to

provide for export at competitive prices.

【译】 广告直接有助于商品以合理的价格销售，由此建立稳固的国内市场，并使商品

能以富有竞争力的价格出口。

【例 2】 Many an old firm(n.) was replaced by a limited liability company with a

bureaucracy of salaried managers.

【译】 许多旧式公司被有限责任公司所取代，由领薪经理层构成其管理机构。

horizon

n.①地平线;②眼界，见识;③(思想等的)范围，限度;④(on the ～)即将发生

【例 1】 According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked

force in expanding the horizons (③) of scientific knowledge.

【译】 新学派科学家们认为，在拓展科学知识的范Χ方面技术是被忽视的力量。

【例 2】 For many of us, the “cashless society” is not on the horizon (④) —

it’s already here.

【译】 对于我们很多人来说，“无现金的社会”不是即将来临，而是已经到来。

host

n.①主人;②主持人;③东道主;④(a ～ of)许多;v.①举行;②主持;③主办

【例 1】 In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host

(n.④) of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional.

【译】 无论如何，基本的计算机技能只是对成为某种专业技术人员所需的各种实际技

能的补充。

【例 2】There will be television chat shows hosted (v.②) by robots, and cars with

pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

【译】 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦

这些汽车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。

immediate

a.①立即的，即时的;②直接的，最接近的

【例 1】 But a decision among projects none of which has immediate (②) utility

is more difficult.

【译】 但是在一个没有直接效用的项目中做抉择就难多了。

import

v.进口，输入;n.①进口，输入;②[pl.]进口商品，进口物资;③重要性

【例 1】 On the other hand, oil-importing (v.) emerging economies — to which

heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could

be more seriously squeezed.

【译】 另一方面，进口石油的新兴国家由于转向了重工业，消耗能量更大，因此可能

会受到石油危机的强烈影响。

【例 2】 The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices

averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase

the oil import (n.①) bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.That is less than

one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980.

【译】 国际经合组织在最近一期的《经济展望》中估计，如果油价持续一年维持在 22

美元左右，与 1998 年的 13 美元一桶相比，这也只会使发达国家的石油进口在支出上增加

GDP 的 0.25%～0.5%。这还不到 1974 年或 1980 年收入减少部分的 1/4。

【例 3】 The full import (n.③) may take a while to sink in.

【译】 该法案的重要性可能需要一段时间才能为人们所理解和接受。

knowledge

n.①知识，学识;②知道，了解

【例 1】 “Being learned in some branch of human knowledge (①) in one thing,

living in public and industrious thoughts”, as Emersion would say, “is something

else.”

【译】 正如爱默生说的“在人类知识的一些分支中学习是一回事，在公众的和勤勉的

思想中生存就是另外一回事了。”

【例 2】 The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge (②) of the lives,

thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held

shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good.

【译】 这种股东不了解他们所持股的公司里工人们的生活、思想和需求。他们对劳资

关系也不会产生积极的影响。

lean

v.①倾斜，屈身;②倚，靠，依赖;a.①瘦的，无脂肪的;②精干的，效率高的;③贫瘠的

【例 1】 They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) –lean (a.

①), pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and

bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20

seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the

box office opens at 10:30 a.m.

【译】 他们看起来都一个样(虽然他们从各个地方而来)——瘦削、率直、专注的脸庞，8

穿着牛仔裤和便鞋，吃着小圆面包，在剧场外的石板上过夜，以便能买得起 20 张座票和 80

张站票，这些票都是为那些睡觉的人准备的，并且在票房第二天上午 10 点半开始售票时就

卖给他们。

【例 2】 Friedman relies on a lean (a.②) staff of 20 in Austin.

【译】 弗里德曼在奥斯汀市只有 20 人的精干职员队伍。

lesson

n.功课，课程;教训

【例 1】 The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful.

【译】 建造大坝的教训是：大的并不总是好的。

local

a.①地方的，当地的;②局部的

【例 1】 The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local (①) council does not

contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.

【译】 但是市民们不这样认为并且当地的理事会也不会直接给皇家莎士比亚公司提供

补贴。

【例2】Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local (②) studies

in the old way.

【译】 另一方面，业余人员继续以旧的方式从事局部的研究。

locate

v.①查找;②使……坐落于，位于

【例 1】 Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data

in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate (①) specific9

information.

【译】 计算机技术使人们可以把大量的数据储存到机器可读的文件里，还能通过计算

机编程找到某一信息。

【例 2】 We can see from the available statistics that the top 10 states in growth

rate of population were all located (②) in the West.

【译】 从得到的统计资料，我们可以看出人口增长率排名前十位的州都位于西部地区.

maintain

v.①维修，保养；②维持，保持；③坚持，主张，支持

【例 1】 Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain (②) memory for a task

or for any learned material.

【译】 实践(或称复习)就是建立并保持对某一任务或所学材料的记忆。

【例 2】 George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University,

maintains (③) that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical

purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to

hasten death.

【译】 波士顿大学健康法律系主任乔治·安纳斯坚持认为，只要医生是出于合理的医疗

目的开药，那么即使服用此药会加速病人的死亡，医生的行为也没有违法。

model

n.①样式，型；②模范，典型；③模型；④原型，模特；v.(on，after)模仿，构造

【例 1】 Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world

have upended the old economic models (n.①) that were based upon the historical

link between growth and inflation.

【译】 一些经济学家认为，旧的经济模式是建立在经济增长和通货膨胀历史联系的基

础上的，而世界结构的巨大改变可能已使这套模式不再适用了。

【例 2】 What they found, in attempting to model (v.) thought, is that the

human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented —

and human perception far more complicated — than previously imagined.

【译】 在试图模仿人类思维的过程中，研究人员发现，人类大脑中的近 1000 亿个神

经细胞要比以前想像的更聪明，人类的感觉器官也比以前想像的更复杂。

mo(u)ld

n.①模子，铸型；②霉菌；v.形成，成形

【例 1】 Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the

mold (n.②) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.

【译】 亚历山大·弗莱明爵士可不是像传说中的那样，看了一眼奶酪上的霉菌就立刻想

到了青霉素的发明。

【例 2】 The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting helps her mold (v.)

a new philosophy of life

【译】 作者的尝试表明：放慢生活节奏帮助她形成了新的人生观。

narrow

a.狭窄的，狭隘的；v.①限制，限定；②变窄，收缩

【例 1】 For any job search, you should start with a narrow (a.) concept — what

you think you want to do — then broaden it.3

【译】 寻找任何职业，你都要从一个狭窄的概念开始，即你想干什么工作，然后再加

以扩展。

【例 2】 Narrowing (v.①) your criteria, for example, may work against you:

“Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.

【译】 比如把个人求职要求越具体明确就有可能对你越不利，一位专家说：“你每回

答一次问题你就丧失一次机会。”

【例 3】 It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed (v.②) as other

countries grew richer.

【译】 随着其他国家日益强盛，美国从这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。

nature

n.①自然界，大自然；②性质，本性，天性

【例 1】 No other species fills so many places in nature (①).

【译】 没有其他物种充斥着自然中如此多的空间。

【例 2】 The jury agreed that the nature (②) of the game, not the helmet, was

the reason for the athlete’s injury.

【译】 陪审团也认为造成该运动员受伤的是这项运动本身的危险性，而不是头盔。

note

n.①笔记；②按语，注释；③便条，短笺；④钞票，纸币；⑤暗示，建议 v.①记下，摘下；

②表明，认为

【例 1】 But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes (n.②) that a

certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge

off which they both fall into the river — and then to find that the line consists of4

the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred

and eighty-five kilograms.”

【译】 在某首诗中，δ来派诗人用一行文字描写了一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军

官在桥上发生搏斗的场面，结果双双从桥上掉进河中；看了这首诗，有点让人摸不着头脑；

后来看了注解才发现， 诗把他们两人落水的声音和体重写在了一起： “扑通!扑通!185 公斤。 ”

【例2】There is a heavy note (n.⑤) of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn

door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on

them.

【译】 他们的说法有着浓厚的虚α色彩，正如马从马厩跑出来后再关上马厩的门，而

受过良好教育的人自己正骑在那些马背上那样的虚伪。

【例 3】 “The term‘anti-science’can lump together too many, quite different

things,” notes (v.①) Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work

Science and Anti-Science, “They have in common only one thing that they tend to

annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”

【译】 “‘反科学’这个词可以涵盖太多截然不同的东西”，哈佛大学的哲学家杰拉

尔德·霍尔顿在其 1993 年的著作《科学和反科学》中写道：“它们唯一的共同点就是会激

怒或威胁那些自以为更开明的人。”

【例 4】 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes (v.②) that the situation will

improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many

needs of the homeless.

【译】 《波士顿环球日报》记者克里斯雷迪认为，只有通过全面规划来解决这些无家

可归者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。

novel

n.(长篇)小说；a.新奇的，新颖的

【例 1】 Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels (n.) later, my

experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired

excuse into an absolute reality.

【译】 奇怪的是，大约两年半的时间我写完两部小说后，我这个被美国人称为“换低

档”的试验，却使我老掉牙的借口变成了现实。

【例 2】 When a novel (a.) literary idea appears, people should try to determine

its purposes.

【译】 当出现新的艺术思潮时，人们应该尽力确定其目的。

objective

n.目标，目的；a.客观的，真实的

【例 1】 A unity of objectives (n.) that nonetheless respect the varied

peculiarities of each country.

【译】 也就是说，既能达到我们共同的目的，又能兼顾不同国家各自的特色。

【例 2】 They provide a quick, objective (a.) method of getting some kinds of

information about what a person learned , the skills he has developed, or the kind

of person he is.

【译】 标准化测试提供了快速、客观地得到某些信息的方法。这些信息是有关一个人

所学到的知识，他所获得的技能，或者是他属于哪一类型的人。

oblige

v.①强迫；②责成；③(使)感激，施恩于

【例 1】 Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige (①)

television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and

distribution.

【译】 另外，欧共体的融合性也会迫使电视集团在节目的制作和流通中，与他人更进

一步地合作。

【例 2】 We are obliged (③) to them because some of these languages have

since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and

lost their native languages.

【译】 我们之所以感激他们(两位先驱)，是因为在此之后，这些(土著)语言中有一些已

经不复存在了，这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语

言。

opening

n.①口子，孔;②开始，开端;③空缺，机会;a.开始的，开幕的

【例 1】 Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening (n.③).

【译】 过了三个星期，他接到第一份有职位空缺的通知。

【例 2】 In the opening (a.) paragraph, the author introduces his topic by

making a comparison.

【译】 在起始段，作者通过比较引入主题。

outlet

n.①出路，出口;②发泄方法，排遣;③经销店

【例 1】 In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T’s violent

rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which

deserves an outlet (②).

【译】 1992 年公司因出品冰特乐队狂暴的说唱歌曲《警察杀手》而备受谴责时，列

文把它描绘成是街头文化的合法表达方式，说它应该有自己的宣泄途径。

【例 2】 From car dealerships to Gap outlets (③), sales have been lagging for

months as shoppers temper their spending.

【译】 由于购物者节约他们的支出,从汽车代理商到 Gap名牌零售折扣店,数月以来销

售一直滞缓。

panel

n.①面，板;②控制板，仪表盘;③专门小组

【例 1】 They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel

(②) by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment.

【译】 他们建造的机器人在严格控制的工厂环境里，能够在仪表盘上识别毫米以下的

误差。

【例 2】 The panel (③) then informally accepted several general conclusions,

although some details have not been settled.

【译】 随后，该小组非正式地接受了几条一般的结论，尽管有些细节尚无定论。

partial

a.①部分的，不完全的;②偏袒的，不公平的

【例 1】 In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered, it

is also frequently partial (①) or partisan.

【译】 这样的研究中所发现的证据总是不完整的，通常也会带来片面性，还会出现帮

派之争。

【例 2】 The author deems that the well-known TV personality is obviously

partial (②) in his views on advertising

【译】 作者认为：那位著名的电视人物对广告的评价有明显的偏见。

passage

n.①段落，节;②通过，经过;③通道，走廊

【例 1】 The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the

passage (②) of the plates.

【译】 热点及其火山痕迹是板块移动的标志。

pattern

n.①模式，式样;②图案，图样;v.仿制，模仿

【例 1】 And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that

someone understands social and cultural patterns (n.①).

【译】 当然，会讲一种语言并不意ζ着就理解该语言的社会和文化内涵。

【例 2】 Implicit within Tylor's definition is the concept that culture is learned,

shared, and patterned (v.) behavior.

【译】 泰勒的文化定义蕴含着这一概念，即文化是后天习得的，人类共有的，被模仿

的行为。

pepper

n.①胡椒粉，胡椒;②辣椒; vt .连续投(发问等)

【例 1】 Although no such evidence was preserved, the casino’s marketing

department continued to pepper (vt.) him with mailings. And he entered the casino

ad used his Fun Card without being detected.

【译】 虽然并没有证据，但是娱乐场的市场部门继续向他提供邮件。他进入娱乐场并

使用他的卡片，并且没有人发觉。

perfect

a.①完善的，无瑕的;②完全的，十足的;v.使完美，改进

【例 1】Such characteristics make them perfect (①) candidates for Dr. Brosnan’

s and Dr. de Waal’s study.

【译】 因为这些特点，它们成为了 Brosnan 和 deWaal 博士的最佳研究“侯选人”。

【例 2】 However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel

will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will

be possible.

【译】 然而，目前还没有对超光速旅行何时可用的预测，也没有预测人类克隆技术何

时会完善，或者何时可以进行时间旅行。

perspective

n.①视角;②透视法;③(in ～)正确地

【例 1】 The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a

cross-cultural perspective (①) brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,

makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.

【译】 强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使

得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

【例 2】Not everyone sees that process in perspective (③) .It is important to do

so.

【译】 并不是所有人都能正确看待这一进程，虽然了解这一点非常重要。

reason

n.①理由，原因;②理性，理智;v.①推论，推理;②说服，评理;③讨论，辩论

【例 1】 That’s one reason (n.①) why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone

anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.

【译】 这就是为什么全国性药品名出台的原因，也是药品价格居高不下的原因。

【例 2】 And so it does — and all would be well were reason (n.②) the only

judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

【译】 的确如此——如果理性是创世纪论和进化论之争的唯一标准，一切问题也就迎

刃而解了。

【例 3】 He reasoned (v.①) that because it is easier to formulate certain

concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think

along one track and not along another.

【译】 他归因到：因为人们很容易用某一特定的语言形成一些不容混淆的概念，语言

的使用者往往会沿着同一条轨迹思考问题。

review

v.回顾，复习;n.①回顾，复习;②评论

【例 1】 Practice (or review) (n.①) tends to build and maintain memory for a

task or for any learned material.

【译】 练习（或复习）倾向于建立和维护一个任务或任何学习材料的记忆。

rocket

n.火箭;v.剧增

【例 1】 The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed (v.) and ticket prices

have stayed low.

【译】 原因当然是虽然成本急剧上升，但票价仍维持在低水平。

school

n.①学校;②(大学里的)学院，系;③学派，流派

【例 1】 It should be observed, of course, that no school (①), vocational or not,

is helped by a confusion over its purpose.

【译】 当然应该看到的是，不管是职业学校、还是普通学校，混淆计算机教学的目的，

都不会受益。

【例 2】 And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School (②) believes that

people will look back on this period as“a golden age of business management in

the United States.”

【译】 哈佛商学院的威廉?萨尔曼相信人们将来回顾这一时期时，会把它视为“美国企

业管理的黄金时代”。

【例 3】 According to the new school (③) of scientists, technology is an

overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.

【译】 新学派科学家们认为，在拓展科学知识的范围方面，技术是被忽视的力量。

score

n.①得分，分数;②二十;v.得(分)，记(……的)分数

【例 1】 Anyone who keeps careful score (n.①) knows that the information

available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.

Standardized tests should be considered in this context.

【译】 任何仔细记分的人都知道，所得到的信息总是不完全的，而且，这些预测总是

会有错误的。应该根据这种观点去考察标准化考试。

【例 2】 Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have

their shots blocked much more frequently than they score (v.).

【译】 创新就像踢足球，即使是最出色的球员也会痛失进球机会，其射门被挡出的机

会大大多于进球的机会。

select

v.选择，挑选;a.精选的，第一流的

【例 1】 It does not push or pull, it selects (v.), and this function is difficult to

discover and analyze.

【译】 环境并不具备推动或拉动的作用;它具有选择的作用，而这一作用难以发现也很

难对其进行分析。

【例 2】 In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons

media select (a.) committee, Lord Irvine said he agreed with a committee report this

year which said that self regulation did not offer sufficient control.

【译】 在写给众议院新闻媒体特别委员会 Gerald Kaufman 主席的信中，Irvine 勋爵

说，他赞同委员会今年的报告，该报告称，对自我约束并未予以足够的监控。

shape

n.①形状，外形;②情况，状态;③种类;v.成型，塑造

【例 1】 The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little

more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in

shaping (v.) and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be

recognized and studied.

【译】 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个

体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。

sound

n.声音，声响;v.①发声，响;②听起来;a.①健全的，完好的;②正当的，有根据的;③彻底的，

充分的

【例 1】 Instead of describing sounds (n.) we must make up words that imitate

them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page,

and shorten or lengthen words at will.

【译】 我们必须造出词语去模仿声音，而不应对其进行描述;我们必须在同一张纸上使

用不同型号和不同颜色的墨水，并随意缩短或加长单词。

【例 2】 However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much

competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners

than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book

reviews (n.②), displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.

【译】 然而，青少年的生活已经充满竞争，所以为他们安排赢家多于输家的各种活动

是明智的。例如，出版由学生自己编写书评的新闻小册子，展出学生的艺术品和赞助成立读

书俱乐部等等。

spell

v.①拼写;②导致，招致;n.一段时间

【例 1】 But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,”

has spelt (v.②) the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music.

【译】 然而，“做我们自己的事”——这一对事物真实性和个性的崇拜信条，已经给

正式的演讲、写作、诗歌和音乐画上了句号。

【例 2】 Despite a spell (n.) of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it

appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the

action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to

extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.

【译】 虽然一开始在 20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代有过一段乐观的时期——那时候仿佛

晶体管电路和微处理器的发展将使它们在 2010 年能够模仿人类大脑的活动——但是最近

研究人员已经开始将这个预测延后数十年，甚至数百年。

stor(e)y

n.①描述;②故事;③报道;④谎话;⑤楼层

【例 1】 If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an

entirely different story (②).

【译】 当然如果想成为一名计算机工程师，事情就完全不同了。

【例 2】 In other words, there is a conventional story (③) line in the newsroom

culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for

otherwise confusing news.

【译】 换言之，在媒介机构的新闻采编室文化中存在着一套约定俗成的写作模式，为5

纷繁复杂的新闻报道提供了一个中心思想和现成的故事编写框架。

stress

n.①压力，应力;②重音;v.强调，着重

【例 1】 We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern

stress (n.①).

【译】 如果我们想诠释现代生活的压力，就必须加快文学发展的步伐。

【例 2】 While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics,

Japanese education tends to stress (v.) test taking and mechanical learning over

creativity and self-expression.

【译】 虽然日本的教育因强调基础知识而经常受到外国人的赞扬，但是它往往强调考

试和机械学习，而不重视创造性和自我表现。

suit

v.①合适，适合;②相配，适应;n.①一套西服;②诉讼

【例 1】 The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited

(①) for expressing joy.

【译】 最早的艺术形式，如绘画和音乐，是最适于表达快乐的。

【例 2】 David Williamds’s suit (①) should trouble this gambling nation. But

don’t bet on it.

【译】 大卫威廉姆斯的起诉或许会在这个赌博民族中引发一些问题，但是也并不能确

信。

【例 3】 Nevertheless Williams’s suit (②) charged that the casino, knowing he

was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “lure” him to6

“engage in conduct against his will” well.

【译】 然而威廉姆斯还是控告娱乐场，明知道他“不可救药地赌博上瘾”还故意“诱

惑”他“违背他自己的意愿参加赌博”。

target

n.目标，对象，靶子;vt.以……为目标

【例 1】 That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable

yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target (n.)

species is about 50% of its original levels.

【译】 这十分重要，因为理论表明在目标鱼类单λ数量是原始水平的大约 50%的时候，

才能保证渔场可收获的最大可持 意缩短或加长词语。

【例 2】 It sounds (v.②) like a useful, ground-clearing way to start.

【译】 这听起来像是一个有效的明显开始做事的方式。

【例 3】 If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those

new plants be environmentally sound (a.①).

【译】 假如我们要保护我们的大气层，关键一点是：新建的电厂必须是环保安全型的。

spectacle

n.①[pl.]眼镜;②场面，景观;③奇观，壮观

【例 1】 Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles (②), which now

more than ever seem in ample supply:…

【译】 相反我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚α景观; 续产出量。

【例 2】 In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools

that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers,7

transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted (vt.) customers.

【译】 然而，在去年，软件公司开发出新的技术使得商家可以把产品信息推到消费者

的计算机屏幕上。

thumb

n.拇指;v.(～ through)翻阅

【例 1】 It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big

advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb (v.) through their phone

directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over

ZoZysman.

【译】人们早已知道在客户翻查电话簿时，名叫 AAAA 的出租汽车公司要比 Zodiac

出租汽车公司有很大的优越性。至于在生活方面 Adam Abbott 较之 ZoZysman 的优越性

就不那么为人所知了。